温补晶振是一种把直流电能转换为交流电能的器件。基于其工作温度区间宽、频率稳定度高、功耗低、体积小、可靠性高、达到规定的频率稳定度所需时间短等优点,被大量应用于通信产品中,如网络通信、远程控制、定位导航系统等。
Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillators (TCXO)
TCXO is the Crystal Oscillator with good temperature characteristics of Crystal unit and opposite temperature characteristics circuit (temperature compensation circuit) across a wide temperature range.
温补晶振其实为一组合元件,其内置晶振必须为高品质晶振,除了等效电阻要小于30Ω以外,还需附加以下要求:
1、频率温度特性曲线平滑度应该小于补偿精度
2、频率温度特性曲线一致性,高温拐点集中在45℃以下
3、低老化率
4、为了加大调频灵敏度,石英晶片电极和静电容也略大些
5、石英晶片切角公差要小,以确保曲线一致性
(VC-TCXO压控温补晶振测试电路)
(TCXO温补晶振测试电路)
根据补偿方式,温补晶振分可为两大类
1、间接补偿式石英晶体振荡器(中文简称:压控温补晶振,英文简称:VC-TCXO)
通过石英晶片串联电容量的变化,对石英晶片的非线性频率漂移进行补偿。该补偿方式能实现±0.5ppm的高精度,但在3V以下的低电压情况下受到限制。即在压控晶振(VCXO)前端加一温度补偿电阻网络,用补偿网络的输出电压来控制VCXO的控制端电压,即压控温补晶振(VC-TCXO: Voltage Controlled & Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator)。
2、直接补偿式石英晶体振荡器(中文简称:温补晶振,英文简称:TCXO)
直接补偿式TCXO(Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator)是由热敏电阻和阻容元件组成的温度补偿电路,在振荡器中与石英晶片串联而成的。在温度变化时,热敏电阻的阻值和晶体等效串联电容容值相应变化,从而抵消或削减振荡频率的温度漂移。即直接在晶振振荡电路的振荡槽路加入具有温度敏感性的补偿阻容网络,达到补偿目的。后者在电路中省去了VCXO,也无须对振荡电路进行稳压,因此在电路、功耗、体积等方面都具有一定优势。
补充说明:
还有一款压控晶振叫VCXO,该类晶振不具备温补功能,因此频率精度相对较低。
What is a voltage controlled temperature compensated crystal oscillator?
Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillators (TCXOs) deliver excellent temperature characteristics combined with low power consumption and fast warmup. Voltage Controlled Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillators (VC-TCXOs) combine the same excellent temperature characteristics, low power consumption and fast warmup with a voltage control function to allow precise tuning of the output frequency after PCB assembly.
Voltage control can also be used during operational life, to compensate for any effects of aging as well as offering the ability to pull back to nominal frequency where there is a change of circuit conditions. TCXOs and VC-TCXOs are used where the stability of a standard Crystal Clock Oscillator is insufficient.